Are you ready to master some of the most useful verbs in English? Today, we’re looking at modal verbs of permission and obligation—words like can, must, may, and should. These verbs help us ask for permission, give advice, and explain rules.
This post includes a free ESL worksheet with examples, grammar rules, and practice activities for intermediate learners (B1 level). Whether you’re a student or a teacher, this resource is perfect for classroom or self-study use.
🎯 What Are Modal Verbs?
Modal verbs are special helping verbs used with the base form of the main verb. They don’t change for subject or tense and are used to express:
- Permission: Can I go out?
- Obligation: You must wear a seatbelt.
- Advice: You should drink more water.
🔑 Modal Verbs of Permission
| Modal | Example |
|---|---|
| can | You can use my phone. |
| could | Could I ask a question? |
| may | May I go to the bathroom? |
🔑 Modal Verbs of Obligation
| Modal | Example |
|---|---|
| must | I must take a shower. |
| have to | I have to go to work. |
| should | You should sleep earlier. |
📝 Free ESL Worksheet: Modal Verbs of Permission and Obligation
Part 1: Fill in the Blank
Choose the correct modal verb: can, could, may, must, have to, should.
- You ________ be on time for class.
- ________ I open the window?
- She ________ talk with her sister.
- We ________ show our ID at the gate.
- You ________ have some of my candy.
Part 2: Rewrite Using a Modal
Example:
It is necessary to wear a uniform. → You must wear a uniform.
- It is necessary to be quiet on the train.
- You are allowed to borrow my pen.
- It’s a good idea to watch the news.
- It’s necessary to show a ticket at a concert.
- Am I able to use the printer?
Part 3: Match the Meaning
| Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|
| I have to take this pill. | 1. It is forbidden. |
| You should eat better. | 2. It is allowed. |
| You can leave early. | 3. Good advice. |
| May I ask a question? | 4. Asking permission. |
| You must not run. | 5. It is necessary. |
Part 4: Speaking Practice
Discuss these questions with a partner or write your answers:
- What are some rules in your school or job?
- What do people have to do in your country?
- What are you allowed to / not allowed to do at home?
- What’s something people should do more often?
💬 Final Task: Make Your Own Rules
Write 3 rules using modal verbs:
Example: Students must turn off their phones during class.
👨🏫 Want More English Practice?
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